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RTI Case-Law Library

Landmark Right to Information judgments and decisions — what each case decided, the principle it set, and exactly when to cite it. Every case carries its primary source link.

All cases (17) Answer sheet / evaluated copies CIC / appeal principles CJI / judiciary under RTI Exam / recruitment transparency Fiduciary relationship File notings / records Information Commission Larger public interest override Public authority definition Public authority — substantially financed RTI vs special rules Right to know — elections Right to know — foundations Section 8 personal information Section 8(1)(h) — investigation Third-party information Third-party procedure (Section 11)
Answer sheet / evaluated copies

CBSE v. Aditya Bandopadhyay

Supreme Court of India · 2011 · (2011) 8 SCC 497 · Civil Appeal Nos. 6454-6468 of 2011

Rules or bye-laws of an examining body cannot override the RTI Act where the information is otherwise accessible. A public authority must point to a s...

Sections: 2(f), 2(j), 8(1)(e), 8(1)(g), 10
CJI / judiciary under RTI

CPIO, Supreme Court of India v. Subhash Chandra Agarwal

Supreme Court of India (5-Judge Constitution Bench) · 2019 · (2020) 5 SCC 481 · Civil Appeal No. 10044 of 2010

Public authorities cannot claim a blanket exemption — each denial must fit a specific exemption in the Act and survive a public-interest balancing tes...

Sections: 2(h), 8(1)(j), 8(2), 11
Section 8 personal information

Girish Ramchandra Deshpande v. Central Information Commissioner

Supreme Court of India · 2012 · (2013) 1 SCC 212

A public servant’s service and personal-financial records are presumptively exempt personal information; the applicant must demonstrate a larger publi...

Sections: 8(1)(j)
Fiduciary relationship

Reserve Bank of India v. Jayantilal N. Mistry

Supreme Court of India · 2015 · (2016) 3 SCC 525

A regulator owes its duty to the public, not to the regulated; the “fiduciary relationship” and “economic interest” exemptions cannot be used to suppr...

Sections: 2(f), 8(1)(a), 8(1)(d), 8(1)(e), 8(2)
Public authority definition

Thalappalam Service Cooperative Bank Ltd. v. State of Kerala

Supreme Court of India · 2013 · (2013) 16 SCC 82

“Public authority” under Section 2(h) is met only by establishment under law, or by government ownership, substantial control or substantial financing...

Sections: 2(h)
Exam / recruitment transparency

Institute of Chartered Accountants of India v. Shaunak H. Satya

Supreme Court of India · 2011 · (2011) 8 SCC 781

Examination-process confidences can be protected under Sections 8(1)(d) and (e), but exemptions are to be construed so as not to defeat the RTI Act, a...

Sections: 8(1)(d), 8(1)(e)
Third-party information

Bihar Public Service Commission v. Saiyed Hussain Abbas Rizwi

Supreme Court of India · 2012 · (2012) 13 SCC 61 · Civil Appeal No. 9052 of 2012

Information that could endanger a person’s safety — such as the identity of interviewers or examiners — is protected under Section 8(1)(g), and such t...

Sections: 8(1)(g), 8(2)
CIC / appeal principles

Chief Information Commissioner v. State of Manipur

Supreme Court of India · 2011 · AIR 2012 SC 864 · Civil Appeal Nos. 10787-10788 of 2011

For denial of information, the correct remedy is the Section 19 appeal process, not a Section 18 complaint — the power to direct disclosure flows from...

Sections: 18, 19
File notings / records

Khanapuram Gandaiah v. Administrative Officer

Supreme Court of India · 2010 · (2010) 2 SCC 1 · AIR 2010 SC 615

RTI is a right to access existing recorded information, not a right to compel a public authority to create answers, give reasons, or justify its decis...

Sections: 2(f), 2(j), 6
Larger public interest override

Canara Bank v. C.S. Shyam

Supreme Court of India · 2017 · (2018) 11 SCC 426

Service particulars of employees are personal information; the larger-public-interest override under Section 8(1)(j) must be specifically pleaded and...

Sections: 8(1)(j)
Right to know — foundations

State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain

Supreme Court of India · 1975 · AIR 1975 SC 865 · (1975) 4 SCC 428

The right to know about the working of government is a facet of the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression — the constitutional seed of...

Sections: Article 19(1)(a), Constitution of India
Right to know — elections

Union of India v. Association for Democratic Reforms

Supreme Court of India · 2002 · (2002) 5 SCC 294

The right to know is a facet of Article 19(1)(a) and extends to the information citizens need to make informed democratic choices.

Sections: Article 19(1)(a), Constitution of India
Information Commission

Union of India v. Namit Sharma (Review)

Supreme Court of India · 2013 · (2013) 10 SCC 359

Information Commissions are not courts and their members need not be judges; the RTI Act’s eligibility provisions stand, and reform of qualifications...

Sections: 12, 15 (Information Commissions)
RTI vs special rules

Chief Information Commissioner v. High Court of Gujarat

Supreme Court of India · 2020 · Civil Appeal Nos. 1966-1967 of 2020

Section 22 gives the RTI Act overriding effect only where another law is inconsistent with it; a non-conflicting special procedure continues to apply.

Sections: 6(2), 22
Third-party procedure (Section 11)

R.K. Jain v. Union of India

Supreme Court of India · 2013 · (2013) 14 SCC 794

Third-party personal information is disclosed only after the Section 11 procedure — notice to the third party and a public-interest assessment — not a...

Sections: 8(1)(j), 11
Public authority — substantially financed

D.A.V. College Trust and Management Society v. Director of Public Instructions

Supreme Court of India · 2019 · Supreme Court of India · 17 September 2019

“Substantially financed” under Section 2(h) is met where government funding is significant to a body’s functioning; such NGOs and aided institutions a...

Sections: 2(h)
Section 8(1)(h) — investigation

Bhagat Singh v. Chief Information Commissioner

High Court of Delhi · 2007 · High Court of Delhi · 3 December 2007

To deny under Section 8(1)(h), the authority must demonstrate that disclosure would actually impede the investigation or prosecution — the mere penden...

Sections: 8(1)(h)
This is educational information, not legal advice. Case summaries are provided for general understanding. For your specific matter, always consult the primary judgment (linked on each page) and a qualified legal professional.
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